For nearly thirty years, IFP School and IFP Training have been collaborating on the creation of the energy flows map, which provides an overview of changes in energy mixes and trade between regions of the world. This new edition, based on 2025 data provided by leading international organizations—the Energy Institute, OPEC, and Eurostat—highlights the rapid transformations in energy trade over the past year.
The year 2025 was marked by two major, concurrent trends: first, the continued decline in European imports of oil and natural gas from Russia, in line with the plan to halt imports by fall 2027.
While this dependence has decreased due to a relatively mild winter and a deliberate reduction in gas consumption in Europe, it has also shifted toward a reliance on imports of liquefied natural gas, particularly from the United States.
It is from this side of the Atlantic that the second key development of 2025 stems: the United States is continuing its “energy expansionism” in line with the “American Energy Dominance Agenda” championed by the U.S. administration. Net natural gas exports to Europe have increased by nearly 70% compared to 2024.
The map also illustrates the role of the Middle East, which emerges as an indispensable hub for energy trade… and the source of much of the turbulence in the energy markets in 2026.